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Operational Parameters

P1 Daily Operating Time Max 87 pts — ▼

ℹ How many hours per day the vehicle operates loaded and unloaded. Longer daily operation means higher cumulative wear on rollers and bearings.

1.1 — Hours per day operating LOADED (logarithmic)

0–4 h — Short shift10 pts

4–8 h — Standard shift31 pts

8–13 h — Extended shift45 pts

13–18 h — Double shift56 pts

> 18 h — Near-continuous67 pts

1.2 — Hours per day operating UNLOADED (still causes wear)

0–2 h — Minimal10 pts

2–4 h — Moderate16 pts

4–6 h — High20 pts

P2 Motion Type Distribution Max 108 pts — ▼

ℹ Set each slider according to the relative daily usage intensity of that motion type: short for rare use, longer for frequent use. The calculator automatically normalizes the entered intensities into a daily motion distribution. Lateral, diagonal, and rotational motions cause significantly higher roller slip and wear than forward travel.

Mark the daily usage intensity for each motion type. (Diagonal=2×, Lateral=2.5×, Rotation=3× vs Forward=1×)

Rare useFrequent use

Forward / Backward0%

Lateral (Left–Right)0%

In-Place Rotation0%

Diagonal0%

TOTAL0% ← must = 100%

P3 Start / Stop Acceleration Max 188 pts — ▼

ℹ The acceleration and braking rate applied during each movement cycle. High acceleration values cause micro-tearing on roller surfaces and peak loads on bearings — the single most critical wear factor.

3.1 — Starting acceleration (m/s²) (exponential roller micro-tearing)

< 0.3 m/s² — Very smooth (S-curve)10 pts

0.3–0.6 m/s² — Smooth41 pts

0.6–1.0 m/s² — Moderate61 pts

1.0–1.6 m/s² — Aggressive78 pts

≥ 1.6 m/s² — Very aggressive94 pts

3.2 — Braking deceleration (m/s²) (bearing overload peaks)

< 0.3 m/s² — Very smooth (S-curve)10 pts

0.3–0.6 m/s² — Smooth41 pts

0.6–1.0 m/s² — Moderate61 pts

1.0–1.6 m/s² — Aggressive78 pts

≥ 1.6 m/s² — Very aggressive94 pts

P4 Average Linear Speed Max 118 pts — ▼

ℹ The average travel speed of the vehicle when loaded and unloaded. Higher speeds increase roller contact stress and heat generation non-linearly.

4.1 — Loaded average speed (m/s) (non-linear contact stress)

< 0.5 m/s — Very slow (creep / positioning)10 pts

0.5–0.8 m/s — Slow31 pts

0.8–1.0 m/s — Standard / Normal45 pts

1.0–1.2 m/s — Fast56 pts

> 1.2 m/s — Very fast / High speed67 pts

4.2 — Unloaded average speed (m/s)

< 0.5 m/s — Very slow (creep / positioning)10 pts

0.5–0.8 m/s — Slow25 pts

0.8–1.0 m/s — Standard / Normal35 pts

1.0–1.2 m/s — Fast43 pts

> 1.2 m/s — Very fast / High speed51 pts

P5 Working Surface Max 216 pts — ▼

ℹ The type and cleanliness of the floor surface. Rough or contaminated floors dramatically accelerate abrasive wear. Foreign particles such as metal chips or stones cause sudden impact loads on rollers.

5.1 — Floor type and abrasiveness

Smooth polished concrete / epoxy10 pts

Standard concrete (smooth)46 pts

Textured / ribbed concrete69 pts

Asphalt / paving stones90 pts

Metal grating / rough outdoor108 pts

5.2 — Floor cleanliness (foreign particles = instant spike loads)

Perfectly clean, no debris10 pts

Occasionally dusty54 pts

Light dust / small particles83 pts

Dirty — particles, oil, debris108 pts

P6 Center of Gravity Max 74 pts — ▼

ℹ The offset of the vehicle's and load's center of gravity from the geometric center of the four wheels. An off-center CoG distributes weight unevenly, overloading specific wheels and accelerating localized wear.

6.1 — Vehicle CoG offset from wheel-rectangle center (exponential corner overloading)

Perfectly centered (< 5%)10 pts

Slightly off-center (5–10%)24 pts

Moderate offset (10–20%)32 pts

On edge of wheel rectangle (> 20%)40 pts

6.2 — Load CoG offset from wheel-rectangle center

Perfectly centered (< 5%)10 pts

Slightly off-center (5–10%)21 pts

Moderate offset (10–20%)28 pts

On edge of wheel rectangle (> 20%)34 pts

P7 Wheel Orientation Ratio Max 54 pts — ▼

ℹ The ratio of the long side to the short side of the rectangle formed by the four wheel centers (top view). Ratios far from 1:1 create torque asymmetry between wheel pairs during lateral motion — particularly affecting pivot rotation and diagonal movement.

X/Y or Y/X ratio (Long/Short side) of wheel-rectangle — top view (torque asymmetry)

1.00–1.24 — Nearly square (optimal)10 pts

1.25–1.4930 pts

1.50–1.7443 pts

≥ 1.75 — Highly elongated54 pts

P8 Load Type Max 61 pts — ▼

ℹ How the payload is applied to the vehicle — static, quasi-static, dynamic, or shock. Shock loads such as fork pallet pick-up create sudden dual-contact stress peaks on rollers.

How is the load applied? (dual-contact roller stress peaks under shock)

Static — fixed robot arm, shelf10 pts

Quasi-static — scissor lift platform33 pts

Dynamic — shifting load, conveyor48 pts

Shock load — fork pallet, drop loading61 pts

P9 Dwell Time (Loaded) Max 47 pts — ▼

ℹ How long the vehicle remains stationary while carrying a load. Extended loaded standstill causes permanent flat-spot deformation (creep) in polyurethane rollers, leading to vibration and impact at every revolution.

Hours per day stationary while loaded (PU flat-spot creep is exponential)

< 1 h — Rarely stationary10 pts

1–3 h24 pts

3–6 h32 pts

6–11 h40 pts

≥ 11 h — Mostly stationary47 pts

P10 Start / Stop Frequency Max 47 pts — ▼

ℹ The number of full stop-restart cycles per hour. Each cycle generates an inertia stress spike on rollers and drive components. High-frequency operation compounds fatigue damage over time.

Stop-restart cycles per hour (each cycle creates inertia stress on rollers)

< 10 cycles/h10 pts

10–20 cycles/h27 pts

20–40 cycles/h38 pts

> 40 cycles/h47 pts

Service Factor
Calculator

Customer Information

Operational Parameters

Customer Information

Motion Profile

Top Risk Factors

Parameter Breakdown

Engineering Recommendations

Service FactorCalculator

Customer Information

Operational Parameters

Customer Information

Motion Profile

Top Risk Factors

Parameter Breakdown

Engineering Recommendations

Service Factor
Calculator